The impressive Oval Forum of Jerash in Jordan measures 90 x 80 meters. Dating from the 2nd century, the square is framed by columns. Its unusual oval shape perfectly aligns the axis of the Temple of Zeus with the colonnade of the Cardo Maximus, which converges upon it . The paving stones, laid later, cover a natural depression. This required an elaborate, seven-meter-high substructure.
The Oval Forum of Jerash Jordan
The ancient Roman city of Jerash was known as Gerasa during its heyday. It is remarkably well-preserved, having been buried under desert sand for a long time. It offers many interesting sights.
Jordan • Jerash Gerasa • Sightseeing Jerash Gerasa • Oval Forum
Roman History: The Oval Forum in Jerash
An important archaeological site with close links to Roman history and the Roman Empire.
The Oval Plaza: Unique heart of the Roman city of Gerasa
Jordan is a land rich in history, and few places embody the legacy of the Roman Empire as vividly as the ancient city of Jerash, once known as Gerasa. As one of the best-preserved Roman provincial cities in the world, Jerash captivates visitors with its colonnaded streets, temples, and theaters. A true highlight and architectural masterpiece is the Oval Forum at Jerash —a unique space that was once the vibrant heart of urban life and now offers a fascinating window into Roman history . This article explores the origins, function, and enduring significance of this important archaeological site.
Roman origins and impressive architecture
The Oval Forum owes its existence to the golden age of Gerasa under Roman rule. Built in the early 2nd century AD , it served as a monumental gateway to the city and as a link between the main street (Cardo Maximus) and the important Temple of Zeus, which sits slightly elevated above it. What immediately distinguishes this forum from most other Roman squares is its unusual oval shape. While rectangular forums were the norm, the architects here opted for an elliptical design, possibly to harmoniously connect the different axes of the approaching street and the temple precinct, or to adapt to the topography.
The impressive architecture of the square is still visible today. A continuous colonnade of Ionic columns—once probably over a hundred in number—encloses the vast, paved area, measuring approximately 90 by 80 meters. This colonnade not only created an elegant frame but also provided shelter from the sun and rain. In the center of the square, there were likely once altars or statues that emphasized religious and political life. The sheer size and architectural finesse demonstrated the wealth and importance of Gerasa within the Roman Empire.
More than just a square: The Oval Forum was Center of life in Gerasa
The Oval Forum was far more than just an architectural statement. It was the social, economic, and cultural heart of the city. As a central meeting point, it brought together people from all walks of life. It served as a social hub , a place for exchange, encounters, and public life – a vivid example of the importance of public spaces in a community.
At the same time, the square was an important trading center . Jerash was strategically located on ancient trade routes, and the forum was undoubtedly a place where goods from the region and distant provinces were traded. The role of trade in the city's prosperity is evident here. Furthermore, the forum was a venue for cultural events . One can easily imagine religious processions taking place here, political pronouncements being made, or citizens gathering for theatrical performances and competitions, perhaps held in the nearby South Theatre.
Mirror of society and witness to history
The design and use of the Oval Forum reflect deeper aspects of Roman culture. Its orderly architecture, monumentality, and central location demonstrate the Roman sense of organization, public representation, and the importance of communal life. The connection between architecture and society is evident here: the square was designed to support and represent the social fabric and cultural identity of Gerasa.
As a witness to history, the Oval Forum has seen the rise and fall of empires. It saw generations of Romans and Byzantines and experienced the changing times, including the devastating 8th-century earthquake that contributed to the city's decline. Today, its ruins remind us of the transience of the splendor of once-flourishing civilizations.
The Oval Forum Today: Memory and Inspiration
Walking through the Oval Forum in Jerash today is an unforgettable experience. The vastness of the square, framed by the remaining columns, hints at its former splendor. It is a place of remembrance and inspiration , inviting us to reflect on the role of public spaces, the course of history, and the cultural heritage left to us by past civilizations. It is undoubtedly one of the top attractions not only in Jordan , but in the entire Middle East.
Roman history at your fingertips in the Oval Plaza
- Roman origins: The Oval Forum was built during Roman rule in the 2nd century AD and was a central square in the ancient city of Jerash Gerasa.
- Impressive architecture: The square features impressive Roman architecture, including columns, temples and statues.
- Trading center: The Oval Plaza was an important trading post where goods from different regions were traded.
- social center: It also served as a social center where people from the Roman city would gather to enjoy events and activities.
- Cultural event: The square has been the scene of cultural events, including theatrical performances and competitions.
- importance of places: The Oval Forum reminds us how squares can serve as meeting points and places of encounter in a community.
- connection between architecture and society: The architecture of the plaza reflects the social structure and cultural identity of Roman society.
- richness of history: The Oval Plaza is a witness to history, showing how different generations and cultures use and shape the same space.
- role of trade: The square was an important trading post, underscoring the importance of trade to the economy and cultural life of the Roman city.
- impermanence of luster: Although the Oval Plaza was once a thriving place, it reminds us of how times change and how empires and cities have risen and fallen.
The Oval Plaza in Jerash is not only an archaeological relic, but also a place of remembrance and inspiration. He shows how architecture and squares can influence cultural life and social interaction in a society. Its history and its importance invite you to reflect on the role of squares and the changing times.
Jordan • Jerash Gerasa • Sightseeing Jerash Gerasa • Oval Square
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Information on site, as well as personal experiences when visiting the ancient city of Jerash / Gerasa in November 2019.
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